The human eye is one of the most complex organs in our body, and as such, it’s susceptible to a variety of diseases. From myopia to macular degeneration, here are five eye diseases that will interest you.
Cataracts
Cataracts are a common eye disease. They can form when the lens of your eye becomes cloudy or damaged. This can make it difficult to see things clearly. Cataracts can also lead to other problems, like blindness. There are several different types of cataracts, and each is caused by a different problem. Here are some of the most common causes of cataracts:
1) Age: As you age, your eyes may start to lose their ability to properly filter out light. This can lead to more intense glare and difficulties seeing in bright environments.
2) Diabetes: Diabetes affects the blood vessels in your eyes, which can compromise their ability to fight off damage from light and other substances. This can cause cataracts over a period of time.
3) Obesity: Being overweight can increase your risk for developing diabetes and other conditions that can lead to cataracts. In addition, being overweight increases the amount of pressure on your eyes and lenses, which may cause them to become cloudy or damaged.
4) Smoking: Smoking is known to increase the risk for many health problems, including cataracts. Cigarette smoke contains chemicals that can damage cells in the eye and contribute to the development of cataracts.
5) The use of certain medications: Some medications – including some antibiotics -can harm the cells in your eyes that help protect against light damage. As a result, these drugs may lead to the development of cat.
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Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, and is one of the most common eye diseases. It’s caused by damage to the macula, a part of the retina that helps us see fine detail. Macular degeneration can be mild or severe, and can lead to complete blindness over time. The main risk factors for macular degeneration include age, race, and family history. There are no known cures for macular degeneration, but there are treatments that can help improve your quality of life.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a condition in which increased pressure in the eye can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. The most common cause of glaucoma is an increase in the pressure inside the eyeball, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). Other causes include age-related changes, high levels of cholesterol, or infection.
If you have glaucoma, your doctor may prescribe medications to lower IOP. In some cases, surgery to remove part of the eyeball may be necessary. If you’re at risk for developing glaucoma, your doctor may also recommend routine eye exams to check your IOP and monitor your progress.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, age-related disease of the central vision that can lead to blindness. It occurs when the macula, the center of your vision, begins to deteriorate. The cause of AMD is unknown, but there are several factors that may contribute: genetics, smoking, obesity, and sun exposure.
Symptoms of AMD typically develop slowly over time. Early symptoms include decreased vision in one or both eyes, seeing shapes and lines more clearly but with increased difficulty reading fine print, and seeing color less accurately. As the macula degenerates further over time, people may experience Vision Impairment Syndrome (VIS), a disabling condition in which they have difficulty seeing close up or at all in one or both eyes. If left untreated, advanced AMD can lead to total blindness.
There is currently no cure for AMD, but there are many available treatments that can help manage the disease. Patients may need to wear special glasses or contact lenses to correct their vision impairment and/or seek regular eye examinations to monitor their progress. There is also hope for new research into treatment options as more is learned about the cause and progression of AMD.
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Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that can develop in people with diabetes. It’s a result of damage to the blood vessels in the eyes caused by high blood sugar levels. The damage makes it difficult for the eye to get enough oxygen and nutrients. Diabetic retinopathy often results in blindness. There are treatments available to help improve vision, but it can take years for symptoms to resolve completely.
Ocular melanoma
Ocular melanoma is a form of cancer that develops in the cells that line the inside of the eye. Most ocular melanomas are benign (not cancerous), but they can grow and spread to other parts of the body if not treated. The most common cause of ocular melanoma is exposure to sunlight, which can cause skin cancer to develop in other parts of the body. Other causes include genetic mutations and certain types of eye surgery. Early detection is key for successful treatment.
